The estimated effective population size for humans indicated there was a significant bottleneck in the patrilineally transmitted Y chromosome, but there was not a bottleneck revealed in the matrilineally transmitted X chromosome. What is the most likely reason for this?

True or false: using current DNA-sequencing technology, it is possible to sequence an entire chromosome (e.g., human chromosome 1, which contains approximately 250 million nucleotides) at once as one long fragment

A. true B. false

The direct result of natural selection is a new species

Indicate whether the statement is true or false.

What prevents plants and bacteria from experiencing cell lysis?

a. A plasma membrane around cell walls b. A cytoskeleton of protein fibers c. Organelles suspended in cytosol d. A protective nuclear envelope

_____ are RNA molecules that can catalyze reactions like protein enzymes do

1.Initiation factors 2.Ribozymes 3.Elongation factors 4.Poly A polymerases 5.Release factors