Unbeknownst to her or her care team, a 51-year-old woman's breast cancer has an etiology rooted in the fact that tumor-suppressing genes are present but have been silenced
Consequently, she has not synthesized normal cancer-suppressing proteins, and neoplasia has resulted. What process has accounted for the woman's cancer?
A)
Chromosomal translocation
B)
The "two-hit" hypothesis of carcinogenesis
C)
Epigenetic mechanisms
D)
A DNA repair defect
Ans:
C
Feedback:
Epigenetic mechanisms may silence genes, such as tumor suppressor genes, so that even though the gene is present, it is not expressed and a cancer-suppressing protein is not made. This process does not involve defects in DNA repair or chromosomal translocation, and while it may form a half of the "two-hit" hypothesis, this is not synonymous with epigenetic mechanisms.
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