Carotenoids:
a. are the stacks of thylakoid membranes in a chloroplast.
b. are accessory pigments in chloroplasts that protect the chlorophyll by absorbing excessive light energy.
c. are primary pigments in certain plants and algae chloroplasts that fix carbon in place of chlorophyll.
d. are the organelles in a leaf cell in which photosynthesis occurs.
e. are the organelles in a leaf cell in which respiration occurs.
Ans: b. are accessory pigments in chloroplasts that protect the chlorophyll by absorbing excessive light energy.
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In regions of a chromosome that encode highly structured RNA molecules, what sequence characteristics would you expect to find?
A. an abundance of pyrimidines, which play an important role in three-dimensional folding of RNA B. an abundance of uracil, which plays an important role in three-dimensional folding of RNA. C. multiple short segments capable of base pairing with adjacent or distant regions of the sequence. D. heavy methylation of these gene sequences, preventing their expression E. very little in the way of sequences that can form double-stranded helices
Excessive heat or extremes of pH often cause denaturation of proteins, which means that the proteins ____
a. have fallen apart into individual monomer subunits b. are no longer biological molecules c. have broken into many separate domains d. are no longer in a functional three dimensional conformation e. are highly reactive
The mutations found in the CF gene that result in cystic fibrosis are recessive because
A) the protein produced by the normal allele is sufficient for normal cellular function. B) the CF mutations always result in no protein being produced. C) CF mutations result in a protein that has normal function only if normal CF protein also exists in the cell. D) dominant alleles that cause a fatal disorder, such as cystic fibrosis, cannot be inherited.
As a scientist, which of the following would you use as evidence to propose changing the traditional
animal phylogenies? a. newly discovered prokaryotes in soil b. the fossil record c. predator-prey relationships d. better electron microscope pictures of cells e. molecular data