Describe the four levels of protein structure and how they are affected by denaturation.
What will be an ideal response?
Primary structure is the sequence of amino acids. Secondary structure is the initial folding of the amino acid chain due to hydrogen bonding. Tertiary structure is the overall shape of the protein due to interactions between the R groups. Quaternary structure occurs when a protein is made of more than one polypeptide chain to create a final specific shape of a protein. High heat or pH causes the protein to unwind, and only the primary structure is intact after denaturation.
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Which of the following complicates the generation of an evolutionary tree?
A. vertical gene transfer B. linkage analysis C. changes in mitochondrial DNA D. carcinogens in the environment E. multiple birth (e.g., twins)
A mutation arises in an individual that can decrease that individual's Darwininan fitness. This means that this individuals
A. stamina will increase. B. ability to utilize food will remain the same. C. ability to produce offspring and contribute to the gene pool of the next generation will decrease. D. probability that it will face elimination by natural selection will increase. E. ability to produce offspring and contribute to the gene pool of the next generation will decrease and probability that it will face elimination by natural selection will increase.
Pelicans exhibit a unique mandible called a: a. head adornment
b. glandular pouch. c. fleshy mandible. d. gular pouch.
Dietary glucose is transported into a cell against its concentration gradient with the aid of membrane proteins called Na+/glucose_____.
a) aquaporins b) channel proteins c) receptor proteins d) symporters e) antiporters