A master's student who works in cardiothoracic ICU reads a 20-year-old nursing research study;
the findings document use of much larger per-kilogram amounts of opioids and anxiolytics postoperatively in adults with open-heart surgery, as opposed to children with open-heart surgery. The student strongly suspects that modern hospitals medicate children and adults more or less the same, on a per-kilogram basis. She decides to replicate the original research in her hospital. What type of replication is this?
a. Exact replication
b. Concurrent replication
c. Systematic replication
d. Approximate replication
ANS: D
Replication involves reproducing or repeating a study to determine whether similar findings will be obtained. Four different types of replication are important in generating sound scientific knowledge for nursing: (1) exact, (2) approximate, (3) concurrent, and (4) systematic extension. An exact, or identical, replication involves duplicating the initial researcher's study to confirm the original findings. All conditions of the original study must be maintained. An approximate, or operational, replication involves repeating the original study under similar conditions, following the methods as closely as possible. A concurrent, or internal, replication involves the collection of data for the original study and its simultaneous replication to provide a check of the reliability of the original study. A systematic extension or constructive replication is done under distinctly new conditions.
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A woman is in the early latent phase of labor and is frustrated by the length of time this stage is taking. What action by the nurse is best?
A. Administer 100% oxygen by face mask. B. Encourage frequent position changes or walking. C. Have the woman rest between contractions. D. Place the woman in a left side-lying position.
The nurse is caring for a child whose medical chart indicates a grade III murmur. Which of the following assessment findings would the nurse expect when auscultating heart sounds?
A) Loud without a thrill B) Loud with a precordial thrill C) Soft and easily heard D) Loud, audible with a stethoscope
The nurse explains that study and discussion of end-of-life issues have been brought to the public awareness because of the increase in death and terminal illness of young people with ____________________
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
Evidence-based practice is a problem-solving approach to making decisions about patient care that is grounded in:
a. The latest information found in textbooks b. Systematically conducted research studies c. Tradition in clinical practice d. Quality improvement and risk management data