Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. The U.S. currently operates under the incorporation doctrine of total incorporation plus.
2. The Fifth Amendment has been only partially incorporated to the states.
3. A claim of discriminatory prosecution is known as “selective prosecution.”
4. For the courts to classify individuals based on religion, they must apply the concept of “absolute scrutiny.”
5. As a general rule, a new U.S. Supreme Court decision applies only to those individuals whose cases are initiated after the rule has been passed.


1. False
2. True
3. True
4. False
5. False

Criminal Justice

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As a tort, defamation includes libel and slander

a. True b. False

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According to Kohlberg, the majority of American people advance to Stage Five

Indicate whether the statement is true or false

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States penal codes contain

a. Civil laws b. Criminal laws c. Codified laws d. common law

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Critics of plea bargaining would agree with which of the following?

A. Pleas bargaining is in plain view of all courtroom observers. B. Plea bargaining saves the court time and resources. C. Plea bargaining encourages crime and rewards criminals. D. Plea bargaining robs the victims and the community of its day in court. E. Plea bargaining increases the public's confidence and satisfaction with the court processes.

Criminal Justice