Which of the following is NOT one of the four elements required for causation in the context of scientific theorizing?
a. Appropriate locale for locating a sample to study
b. Logical basis for believing a causal relationship exists
c. A time sequence of cause and effect elements
c. Correlation, indicating strength and direction of influence
Answer: A
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In the 2011 case of Brown v. Plata , the Supreme Court ordered California to release prisoners if:?
a. the state could not guarantee that all correctional officers had received the proper amount of training.
b. the state could not bring the level of medical care up to a constitutional standard.
c. individual prisons exceeded 100 percent intended capacity.
d. the laws regarding marijuana possession changed.
Larry feels overwhelmed with the number of cases he and other members of the parole board have to review. Considering this, Larry most likely works in a state that uses ______.
A. traditional discretionary parole B. mandatory parole C. unconditional release D. "maxed-out" sentences
When guests make a reservation, it is not an essential part of the reservationist's job to explain to the caller the responsibilities of the reserving party.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
When parents are alienated from their children, their negative labeling reduces their children's self-image and increases delinquency. This is referred to as:
A) ?reflected appraisals. B) ?reflective role-taking. C) ?stigma. D) ?primary deviance.