The elements of a crime must be proven ______ in order to convict the accused.
A. by clear and convincing evidence
B. by a preponderance of the evidence
C. beyond a reasonable doubt
D. beyond a shadow of a doubt
C. beyond a reasonable doubt
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Margins, spacings, crowding, insertions, alignment, spelling, punctuation, phraseology, and grammar cannot impart individual variations
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Common sense was described in the text as generally a poor guide for accurate criminal justice research
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
In order for a female to be charged with forcible rape, she:
a. has to actually rape the male. b. has to either be an accessory before the fact or a principal in the second degree. c. cannot be charged with forcible rape. d. can only be charged with attempted forcible rape.
In the 1899 Illinois juvenile court, when juveniles are found to have committed a crime they called this being:
a. "found guilty" b. "adjudicated delinquent" c. "adjudicated" d. "warranted"