Which variable does NOT enter into Carneiro's multivariate theory of state formation?
a. warfare
b. population growth
c. long-distance trade
d. environmental circumscription
e. resource concentration
Ans: c. long-distance trade
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Ritual is best defined as:
a. repetitious symbolic behaviors. b. ?practices that invoke supernatural beings. c. universal stereotyped behaviors. d. the belief in spiritual beings.
Which of these features is characteristic of a band?
A) low population density B) intensive agriculture C) social stratification D) strict territoriality
Which subsistence farming technique has been used for centuries to clear fields for planting and to control invasive species?
a. plowing b. setting fire c. spraying with pesticides d. utilizing goats
A culture can be considered essentially as a:
a. maintenance system b. political process c. large family d. program for social success