Explain why X-ray diffraction was important in the study of DNA structure and describe the procedure used in X-ray
diffraction. What will be an ideal response?
ANSWER: X-ray diffraction studies provided clues to the helical structure of DNA. In X-ray diffraction,
molecules are placed in an X-ray beam, and as the beam passes through the molecule, some
X-rays are deflected by atoms in the target molecule. The pattern of X-rays that emerges is
recorded and analyzed to produce information about the organization and shape of the
molecule.
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If adenylyl cyclase were inhibited in animal cells, ____
a. binding of epinephrine to beta receptors would have no affect on cyclic AMP levels. b. binding of epinephrine to beta receptors would increase cyclic AMP levels. c. an increase in mRNA for cyclic AMP would occur. d. an increase in mRNA for more beta receptors would occur. e. epinephrine would not be able to bind to beta receptors.
A motor neuron and all the muscle fibers under
its control is a ____ unit. a. neuromuscular b. movement c. muscle d. motor e. coordination
Saliva contains the enzyme __________, which
begins the process of starch digestion. Fill in the blank(s) with the appropriate word(s).
What method can be used to separate ribosomal protein subunits?
A) polymerase chain reaction B) gel electrophoresis C) two-dimensional gel electrophoresis D) CsCl gradient ultracentrifugation E) cryo-EM