Discuss how a genetic variant may explain why HIV infection rates are highest in sub-Saharan Africa
What will be an ideal response?
HIV infection is highest in sub-Saharan Africa. A 25-year study of this population involving DNA samples from thousands of participants led to the discovery that an allele of the DARC gene (MIM 613665), which encodes a cell surface protein, protects carriers from malaria but increases susceptibility to HIV infection by 40%. In other words, people who carry the anti-malaria allele of DARC have
a greater chance of contracting HIV if exposed to this virus. In addition to increasing risk of HIV infection, this allele interferes with the immune system's ability to fight early stages of HIV infection. About 60% of African Americans carry this DARC allele and are therefore more susceptible to HIV infection than the general population. Studies of other populations have revealed that genes scattered across the human genome influence resistance and susceptibility to HIV infection and the rate of progression to AIDS.
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Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
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a. Microarrays let us study different cellular structures under different conditions. b. Microarrays let us directly measure protein expression in individual cells. c. Microarrayslet us identify which portions of a genome were being expressed in a cell at a particular time. d. Microarrays let us identify which DNA sequences are present in a particular cell type under certain conditions. e. Microarrays let us identify which portions of a genome serve as regulatory sequences.
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a. Sodium b. Iodine c. Chloride d. Iron e. Calcium
what assay detects minute amounts of endotoxin in IV fluids?
What will be an ideal response?