Preexperimental designs is/are ___________________

Question

a. an effect of two independent variables operating simultaneously and in combination on a dependent variable. It is a larger effect than occurs from the sum of each independent variable working separately
b. experimental designs that lack random assignment or use shortcuts and are much weaker than the classical experimental design. They can be substituted in situations in which an experimenter cannot use all the features of a classical experimental design, but have weaker internal validity
c. an experimental design with only an experimental group and a posttest, no pretest.
d. a pre-experimental design that has one group, a pretest, treatment, and a posttest. It lacks a control group and random assignment
e. an experimental design in which the dependent variable is measured periodically across many time points, and the treatment occurs in the midst of such measures, often only once

Answer 1

B