Which of the following is NOT true about efflux pumps?
a. Efflux pump genes are upregulated in biofilms.
b. They function to import antibiotics into cells.
c. Pseudomonas aeruginosa encodes several multidrug efflux pumps.
d. The AcrAB-TolC system of Escherichia coli contributes to multidrug resistance.
Answer: B
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The brain controls organ system function only through direct contact with sympathetic or parasympathetic nerves.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
Sparrows with average-sized wings survive severe storms better than those with longer or shorter wings, illustrating
A) the bottleneck effect. B) stabilizing selection. C) frequency-dependent selection. D) neutral variation. E) disruptive selection.
A particular virus is known to attack the immune system of humans and continues to infect people no matter how many vaccines are developed against it. What can you predict about the genome of this virus?
a) This viral genome is composed of RNA. b) This viral genome is very small compared to other viruses. c) This viral genome mutates at a rapid rate. d) All of the above. e) Nothing can be predicted about this viral genome with the given information.
How are L-forms different than Mycoplasma bacteria?
A) L-forms have never had a cell wall. B) L-forms live inside plant cells. C) L-forms are susceptible to antibiotics that target the cell wall. D) L-forms are resistant to certain environmental stresses like boiling and autoclaving. E) L-forms live inside animal cells.