Which of the following is most likely to represent causality rather than association?

a. In years that fashion dictates wider lapels on men's jackets, the stock market grows by at least 5 percent.
b. Interest rates are higher in years ending with a 1 or a 6.
c. Unemployment falls when the AFC champion wins the Super Bowl.
d. Quantity demanded goes up when price falls because lower prices increase consumer purchasing power, ceteris paribus.


d

Economics

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