Compare the three mechanisms of drug-induced immune hemolysis
What will be an ideal response?
Answer: In drug adsorption, a drug binds to the erythrocyte and then antidrug antibodies attach to the drug. There is extravascular lysis from the interaction between the Fc fragment of the antibody and the Fc receptors of macrophages and resulting phagocytosis of the coated cell. In immune complex, the drug and antibody to it form a complex that adsorbs to the cell membrane and activates complement. This results in intravascular lysis.
In the autoantibody induction type, the drug alters the RBC membrane, causing formation of a neoantigen. The immune system reacts by forming an antibody that reacts with all RBCs.
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________ Florence Nightingale is considered the founder of modern nursing
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following BEST defines "rhonchi"?
A whistling sound that can be heard during auscultation of the lungs b. An abnormal sound heard during lung auscultation that is caused by air rushing through mucosal secretions in or swollen tissues of the bronchioles c. Vibrations that can be felt externally when breathing or speaking d. A crackling or grating sound; in the lungs, associated with lung disease
Which of the following statements concerning the 1979 nuclear reactor accident at TMI-2 is not true?
a. Many excess cancer deaths have been predicted to occur in the 2 million people living within 50 miles of the plant at the time of the accident. b. During the time of the accident, if persons living within a 100-mile radius of the nuclear power plant received an average radiation exposure of 15 microgray, and this dose is used as the population dose, then no more than two additional resulting cancer deaths can be predicted in the exposed inhabitants as a consequence of radiation exposure. c. The average dose received by the exposed population living within a 50-mile radius of the TMI nuclear power station at the time of the accident was determined to be 0.08 mSv, which is well below the average annual background level. d. No melt-through of the reactor vessel resulted during the accident.
With a BEAM lift, the patient is:
a. assisted to a standing position. b. rolled onto a long board. c. lifted onto a short board. d. lifted and carried a short distance.