Secondary prevention for cognitive impairment includes what activity?
a. Genetic counseling
b. Avoidance of prenatal rubella infection
c. Preschool education and counseling services
d. Newborn screening for treatable inborn errors of metabolism
ANS: D
Secondary prevention involves activities that are designed to identify the condition early and initiate treatment to avert cerebral damage. Inborn errors of metabolism such as hypothyroidism, phenylketonuria, and galactosemia can cause cognitive impairment. Genetic counseling and avoidance of prenatal rubella infections are examples of primary prevention strategies to preclude the occurrence of disorders that can cause cognitive impairment. Preschool education and counseling services are examples of tertiary prevention. These are designed to include early identification of conditions and provision of appropriate therapies and rehabilitation services.
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