Young Rachel is in her second grade class, when the teacher announces a new challenge. "Every time you memorize a new poem and recite it before the entire class, you will get a gold star. As soon as you get 20 gold stars,
you get to pick a prize out of the prize box!" The new star chart, a beautiful grid on multicolored posterboard, is placed at the front of the class for all to see. Rachel immediately pulls out her reader, and looks for a poem she can memorize. What type of conditioning has Rachel's teacher used to help stimulate a memory-enhancing activity?
a. Reinforcing conditioning
b. Classical conditioning
c. Vicarious conditioning
d. Operant conditioning
Answer: D
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When children are asked by researchers to describe what kind of aggressive behavior they experienced among friends, which of the following gender differences is observed?
a. Girls report more aggression of all kinds. b. Boys report an equal amount of relational and physical aggression. c. Boys almost never report relational aggression. d. Girls report more relational aggression and boys more direct physical or verbal aggression.
Statistically, _____ girls tend to experience breast development at the earliest age
a. African-American b. Asian-American c. European-American d. Mexican-American
Therapists face many challenges when counseling married couples. Compared with couples where infidelity is not an issue, how do couples dealing with infidelity fare in couple’s therapy?
a. ?Because they initially show more distress than faithful couples, they do not fare as well in therapy. b. ?Although they initially show more distress than faithful couples, they fare as well in therapy. c. ?They show similar levels of distress as faithful couples but fare worse in therapy. d. ?They show similar levels of distress as faithful couples but benefit more from therapy.
Learning theory implies that
A. newborns should be able to distinguish between sounds. B. children will learn language more rapidly with praise and attention. C. children learn language by classical conditioning. D. children acquire language the same way they learn to walk.