Explain how a polarized neuron differs from a hyperpolarized neuron
What will be an ideal response?
A resting neuron is polarized and typically has a resting membrane potential of -70 mV. Resting membrane potential results from the unequal distribution of ions and their different abilities for crossing the membrane. If potassium channels are opened, and potassium ions follow their electrochemical gradient out of the cell, the cell will lose positive charges. The membrane potential becomes more negative than it is at rest, known as hyperpolarization. Hyperpolarization may also result from the opening of anion channels which would allow negatively charged ions to flow into the cell.
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The abdominal _______ plexus consists of the celiac plexus, superior mesenteric plexus, and inferior mesenteric plexus
Fill in the blank with correct word.
For the majority of the GI tract, which layer(s) of the wall contain smooth muscle?
A. Muscularis only B. Mucosa and adventitia C. Serosa only D. Mucosa and muscularis E. Submucosa and muscularis
The ________ system stores 99% of your calcium and is critical for blood cell formation.
A. excretory B. skeletal C. muscular D. endocrine E. circulatory
Helper T-lymphocytes are also known as
A. CD4+ cells. B. memory T-lymphocytes. C. cytotoxic T-lymphocytes. D. T8 cells. E. CD8+ cells.