The nurse caring for a patient with severe mania anticipates that which neuromodulation therapy will likely be ordered for maintenance treatment?
1. Light therapy
2. Deep brain stimulation (DBS)
3. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT)
4. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS)
Answer: 3
Explanation: ECT is believed to affect alteration/modulation of neurotransmitter and hormonal systems responsible for mood and cognition. It is given under general anesthesia for a total of 6-12 treatments and is commonly used for patients with severe mood disorders as both an acute and maintenance treatment. Light therapy is used in treatment of seasonal affective disorder (SAD); DBS is used in the treatment of severe refractory depression; and rTMS is approved for treatment of unipolar depression with one failed antidepressant treatment.
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