Which of the following processes takes place in the cytoplasm and involves the transfer RNA (tRNA) mediating the sequential addition of amino acids in a specific sequence that is dictated by the codon sequence of the messenger RNA (mRNA) molecule?
a. Transcription
b. Initiation
c. Elongation
d. Termination
C
Elongation, which is one of the steps of translation, adds amino acids in a specific sequence, which ultimately codes for a specific protein. Translation occurs in the cytoplasm, whereas tran-scription occurs in the nucleus. Initiation begins with the association of ribosomal subunits, mRNA, and formylmethionine tRNA carrying the initial amino acid of the protein to be synthe-sized. After the initial complex is formed, addition of individual amino acids begins. Termination is the final step in translation and occurs when the ribosomal A site encounters a stop codon that does not specify an amino acid.
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