The nurse is reviewing data for a patient with acute kidney injury. Which of the following diagnostic test results would the nurse recognize as being indicative of kidney injury? (Select all that apply.)
a. Blood urea nitrogen 40 mg/100 mL
b. Serum creatinine 4.2 mg/dL
c. Uric acid 8 ng/dL
d. Hematocrit 20%
e. Fixed urine specific gravity of 1.010
f. Urine output of 100 mL in 24 hours
ANS: B, E, F
A serum creatinine level above 1.5 mg/dL means there is kidney dysfunction. The higher the creatinine level, the more impaired the kidney function. A fixed urine specific gravity is also indicative of renal compromise and impending failure. Normal urinary output is 1,000 to 2,000 mL per 24 hours. Individuals with acute kidney injury experience oliguria (reduced output).
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