The primary reason for considering threats to internal validity in a proposal is so that:
A. a small sample can be justified.
B. they can be defended against criticism.
C. weaknesses in instruments can be explained.
D. steps can be taken to reduce them.
Answer: D
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Elementary school children who study programming will score higher on a reasoning test than similar children who do not study programming. This statement is an example of
a. a directional research hypothesis. c. a null hypothesis. b. a nondirectional research hypothesis. d. none of these is true.
In a classroom where strategic teaching for students with mild disabilities is taking place you will see teachers
a. "thinking aloud" as they model the use of the strategy. b. encouraging students to memorize the strategy as it is presented. c. use a lecture approach to clearly present the facts and figures. d. encouraging students to develop their own strategies through inquiry.
. If a researcher records the correlation between happiness (high, low) and relationship status (short term, long term), then which correlation measure is most appropriate for this analysis?
A. Spearman B. point-biserial C. phi D. significance
The probability of making at least one type I error across a set of comparison is referred to as ______.
a. total error b. unpredicted error c. explained error d. familywise error