Which assessment finding indicates that an older patient is experiencing congestive heart failure?
A) Sharp chest pain with exertion
B) Tortuous calf veins and a history of venous ulcers
C) History of myocardial infarction and peripheral edema
D) Moist lung crackles are audible on auscultation with shortness of breath on exertion
D
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Moist lung crackles and shortness of breath on exertion are characteristics of congestive heart failure. Chest pain is more commonly associated with a myocardial infarction and angina, while varicose veins and venous ulcers are not associated with congestive heart failure. Peripheral edema is a sign of congestive heart failure, but a history of myocardial infarction is not necessarily a confirmation of congestive heart failure.
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