Describe the nutritional needs of a child in middle childhood. Give an example of the effects of obesity or eating disorders on physical and psychological health. Discuss how either of these may be determined by the interaction of nature and nurture
What will be an ideal response?
Discussion of nutritional needs should include calorie intake, diet, and the role of vitamins and nutrients. Physical outcomes of obesity are hypertension, type 2 diabetes, and respiratory disease. Psychological outcomes are social exclusion and teasing, body dissatisfaction, low self-esteem. Physical outcomes of disordered eating such as anorexia are low blood pressure, electrolyte imbalance, and delayed bone growth, and for bulimia, tooth damage and gum disease, gastrointestinal problems, and dehydration (more in Box 4.2). Psychological outcomes are body dissatisfaction and body image disorders. Responses must also address how heritability interacts with diet, exercise, and attitudes.
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Some individuals experience closed-head injuries in combat or in accidents. What characterizes a closed-head injury? a. The skull has been penetrated and the brain has been damaged
b. There is no evidence of any physical damage but there is a psychological disorder. c. The skull has not been penetrated but there is damage to the brain. d. The damage has occurred over time as a result of repeated head injuries.
A perspective that reflects dignity and potential is referred to as
a. being able to recognize a disability on sight. b. speaking in terms of a disability, when describing a person. c. using people-first language. d. never using the word disability.
Hearing the same sound in different words refers to
a. phoneme manipulation. b. phoneme categorization. c. phoneme identity. d. phoneme blending.
“Stressors” include
a. energy reserves in times of crisis b. change, overload, uncertainty, and fear c. repertoires of coping mechanisms d. All of the above