Applied behavior analysis (ABA) has been used to help children with autism spectrum disorder. The basic principle of this form of behavior modification is __________.
A. partial reinforcement
B. classical conditioning
C. negative punishment
D. shaping
Answer: D
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Which of the following is not true of babies born to mothers who use heroin?
a. Congenital defects have not been positively linked to heroin use. b. Stillbirths and low birth weight are no more frequent among heroin-exposed babies than in the normal population. c. Babies born to heroin-addicted mothers also undergo withdrawal symptoms, such as diarrhea, sweating, tremors, and a high-pitched cry. d. Developmental difficulties observed in heroin-exposed children may largely be a consequence of environmental factors, such as poor nutrition and limited caregiver interactions.
In a study of Chinese girls, a majority of premenarcheal girls expected menstruation to be __________.
A. embarrassing B. exciting C. sad D. frustrating
Resolution of the critical conflict of young adulthood will, according to Erikson, lead to a sense of _____.
A. wholeness B. direction C. maturity D. intimacy
When a message is delivered repeatedly without any opposing information, people start believing that the message is valid. In terms of fixing beliefs, this tendency is referred to as
a. tenacity. b. intuition. c. authority. d. rationalism.