What decision did the California Supreme Court make in 1952, following the University of California professors' challenge to the loyalty oath required of UC employees?
a. It agreed that the oath violated the state constitution and ordered the reinstatement of professors who had been dismissed.
b. It declared the actions of the University of California to be legal.
c. It threw the case out because the justices argued that Communists gave up their rights as citizens.
d. It declared that the University of California did not have the authority to determine employees' loyalty but that this power belonged to the state government. Therefore, the UC professors were required to sign the state employees' oath, not the one issued by the UC Board of Regents.
d
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The Young Ottomans were
A. religious mystics who viewed the Ottoman empire as an abomination in the eyes of Allah. B. fiercely opposed to the Tanzimat reforms. C. proponents of a smaller but more efficient Turkish empire. D. a later, more tolerant political reincarnation of the Young Turks. E. the leading supporters of the Tanzimat reforms.
After the abolition of slavery, Brazil's white supremacist policies stressed "whitening," a policy that did everything except
A) undermine recently emancipated blacks' ability to negotiate favorable wages and working conditions. B) increase opportunities for immigrant women, especially from Italy, who dominated employment in textile industry. C) encourage European immigration by offering free land to prospective immigrants. D) promote interracial marriage as a means of diluting the influence of African culture on Brazil.
Which of the following groups fought against the Byzantine Empire between the seventh and the fifteenth centuries?
What will be an ideal response?
In what ways might the Great Wall of China be symbolic of both the strengths and weaknesses of China? Was it successful in its purpose?
What will be an ideal response?