Compare and contrast Crofton's ticket-of-leave and Maconochie's marks system.
What will be an ideal response?
In 1837, Alexander Maconochie proposed to the House of Commons a system whereby the duration of the sentence would be determined not by time but by the prisoner's industry and good conduct. He proposed a marks system by which "marks" or credits would be credited daily to prisoners in accordance with their behavior and the amount of labor they performed. As prisoners demonstrated evidence of good behavior and a good work ethic, their freedom and privileges gradually increased. Marks were deducted for negative behavior. Maconochie's system allowed prisoners to move from strict imprisonment, to labor in work gangs, through conditional release around the island, and finally to complete restoration of liberty (Morris, 2002). It should be noted that the primary condition attached to the release was to not incur further law violations, and the behavior of the releasee was not supervised in the sense that it is today.Sir Walter Crofton, who had studied Maconochie's innovations on Norfolk Island, became the administrator of the Irish prison system in 1854. Crofton adopted the use of the marks system inside the prison. Under Crofton's administration, the Irish system became renowned for its three levels: strict imprisonment, indeterminate sentence, and ticket-of-leave. Each prisoner's classification was determined by the marks he or she had earned for good conduct and achievement in industry and education, a concept borrowed from Maconochie's experience on Norfolk Island. The ticket-of-leave system was different from the one in England. The general written conditions of the Irish ticket-of-leave were supplemented with instructions designed for closer supervision and control and thus resembled the conditions of parole in the United States today. Ticket-of-leave men and women residing in rural areas were under police supervision, but a civilian employee called the inspector of released prisoners supervised those living in Dublin. The inspector had the responsibility of securing employment for the ticket-of-leave person, visiting his or her residence, and verifying employment. The Irish system of ticket-of-leave had the confidence and support of the public and of convicted criminals.
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Was Cotton constitutionally detained during the search?
Twenty-five SWAT team officers executed a search warrant against the home of Don Antonio Jones, Calvin Edgar Bolden (his grandfather), and Calvileen Bolden (his mother), who were operating an open-air drug market from and around their home. A four-year investigation established that (1) significant quantities of drugs were brought into the house, (2) the drugs were being sold not only in the house but around it as well, from the front porch and within what we would regard as the curtilage, (3) many of the individuals observed in the trafficking had extensive drug and violent criminal records, and (4) Jones associated with individuals with extensive criminal records, established an elaborate countersurveillance network around the vicinity of the house, and had threatened that a member of the police department. The warrant empowered the police to search Jones, and the Boldens, and "any other persons found in [the] premises who may be participating in violations of [those statutes] and who may be concealing evidence, paraphernalia, and Controlled Dangerous Substances." Steven Cotton, not named in the warrant, was standing outside the house next to Jones when the warrant was executed. He and others were handcuffed, allowed to sit, and made to wait 15 minutes while the house was secured. One person was investigated and released. Cotton was read Miranda rights and asked if he had anything on him. He admitted to possessing a "bag of weed," and was then searched and arrested. What will be an ideal response?
A key labor-related security issue is the use of
A) Non-compete agreements B) Overtime monitoring C) Organizational leadership D) Labor relations
Spearman's rank-order correlation is only used for __________ level data
Fill in the blank(s) with correct word
The family-crime relationship is significant across racial, ethnic, and gender lines.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)