Answer the following questions true (T) or false (F)
1. Protozoa are also called prokaryotes.
2. Single-celled organisms known as diatoms have glasslike walls and are a type of algae.
3. The use of Saccharomyces as a probiotic is an example of the application of biotechnology.
1. FALSE
2. TRUE
3. FALSE
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Heterotrophic bacteria will run out of organic growth substrates in batch cultures but chemostats can provide constant nutrient source for them to grow
Chemostats for photoautotrophic bacteria are not necessary to maintain them at a constant growth phase because a light can artificially be turned on constantly. Indicate whether the statement is true or false.
Syphilis was once treated by intentionally infecting the patient with the parasite that causes malaria, a disease characterized by repeated bouts of fever, shaking, and chills
Why might this treatment cure syphilis? A. Malaria parasites produce strong antibacterial compounds (since they're eukaryotic in nature-they are trying to eliminate their competition for resources). This helps to eliminate ALL bacteria in and on the human body for a short period of time. B. Malaria parasites track down and feed upon ALL bacterial cells in the human body as a part of their life cycle. This makes them a "natural antibiotic" of sorts, and highly effective at clearing the bacterial infection of syphilis. C. One of the side effects of malarial infection is a massive overproduction of macrophages-so many that they become the dominant cell type in the blood (even over red blood cells!). This drives up the ability to ingest and destroy any microbe, including the bacterium that causes syphilis. D. The effect of driving up the body temperature for periods of time can shut down the temperature-sensitive replication of the bacterium that causes syphilis. This gives the immune system time to eliminate it properly.
The region in a tRNA molecule that base-pairs with mRNA during translation is the ____
a. anticodon b. aminoacylation site c. TATA box d. cloverleaf e. reading frame
The secondary immune response is ____ than the primary immune response because the secondary immune response
____.
a. more rapid; does not require B or T cells b. more rapid; involves memory B and T cells that have been stored c. slower; requires initiation of clonal selection of new B and T cells d. slower; requires more antigen than the primary immune response e. more rapid; is less specific than the primary immune response