Which of the following may contribute to a dysfunction of trunk deviation (L) with forward bending?
a. Tight erector spinae muscles (R)
b. Stiff facet joint capsule on (L)
c. Poor strength (L) internal and external oblique muscles
d. Facet joint osteophyte on (R)
ANS: B
A tight capsule on the (L) would draw the trunk to the side of the tightness. Tight muscles on the
right would cause a (R) deviation. Inadequate anterior muscle strength would not be a factor as
they are not active in this motion. An osteophyte on the (R) would cause limits to extension and
not flexion.
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