How does Salmonella grow in host cells? How does it differ from Shigella?
What will be an ideal response?
Salmonella are usually ingested by way of contaminated food and drink. After the microbes pass through the stomach, they attach to the cells lining the small intestine. There the bacteria use the type III secretion system to insert proteins into the host cells, inducing normally nonphagocytic cells to phagocytize the bacteria. The bacteria reproduce within the phagocytic vessels and end up killing the host cells. Shigella enter similarly to Salmonella and attach to intestinal epithelial cells which endocytose the bacteria, but they reproduce within the cell's cytosol and can move directly from cell to cell.
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DNA replication is a complex process, and, as a result, the frequency of error is quite high.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)
The evolutionary process by which new species arise is called ________
a. gene flow b. genetic drift c. speciation d. natural selection e. directional selection
What are mutator genes?
What will be an ideal response?
Metamorphosis in flatfishes and in amphibians is controlled by growth hormone.
Answer the following statement true (T) or false (F)