Prenatal influences on the intrauterine environment include which of the following? Select all that apply
1. The use of saunas or hot tubs
2. The use of drugs
3. The quality of the sperm or ovum
4. Maternal nutrition
5. Vitamins and folic acid
Correct
1; 2; 4; 5
Rationale:
1. The use of saunas or hot tubs is associated with maternal hyperthermia, and can cause CNS defects and failure of neural tube closure.
2. The use of drugs can have teratogenic effects.
3. The quality of the sperm or ovum will affect embryonic development but not necessarily affect the intrauterine environment.
4. Maternal nutrition, if deficient, can cause damage to the fetus.
5. Vitamins and folic acid taken prior to and during the pregnancy can have beneficial effects.
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