The textbook authors describe a study in which, despite the researcher's instructions to work independently, Russian participants worked collectively to complete the questionnaire. As a group, they read the questions aloud, decided upon a group answer, and all circled the same response. The researchers concluded that the reason the Russian participants did not follow instructions was because:
A. Russians are particularly stubborn and rarely follow orders
B. The Russian participants did not understand the instructions, which were written in English
C. The individual questionnaire research method was inconsistent with their own cultural experiences and values, and therefore they modified the instructions to achieve group consensus
D. The researchers had failed to generate proper enthusiasm for the task, and therefore the participants had modified the instructions in order to liven up the discussion and
prevent survey boredom
Answer: C. The individual questionnaire research method was inconsistent with their own cultural experiences and values, and therefore they modified the instructions to achieve group consensus
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What is meant by negative reinforcement?
a. Reinforcement by avoiding pain b. Presenting a weaker than average reinforcement c. Reinforcement for doing nothing d. Omitting a positive reinforcement
Chantal has frontal lobe damage. She is doing a problem-solving task in which she has to choose the red object out of many choices. She can easily complete this repeatedly, but when the experimenter asks her to choose the blue object on a new trial of the task, she continues to choose the red one, even when the experimenter gives her feedback that she is incorrect. Chantal is displaying
A. sensory memory. B. decay. C. perseveration. D. agnosia.
According to Plato, the components of the soul are:
a. ?really the same b. ?typically in harmony with one another c. ?often in conflict with one another d. ?subservient to the bodily needs
When a biased, negative stereotype becomes coupled with an emotional reaction to all or most of the people in that group, it results in:
A. prejudice. B. impression formation. C. discrimination. D. generalization.