Compare and contrast observational learning and vicarious conditioning.
What will be an ideal response?
Observational learning is strongly related to the concept of modeling, in which one person (an actor) observes the behaviors of another person (a model or role model) and then replicates that behavior. You might think of this in regard to a child emulating an older sibling, parent, or other trusted adult. It is also seen when people mimic the behavior of those they hold in high regard (e.g., sports figures, movie stars, and professional musicians). Vicarious conditioning adds to this the idea that we not only observe another person's behavior, but also watch the sorts of consequences that their behaviors produce. If the behaviors produce a reinforcement or rewarding outcome, we may be tempted to replicate their behaviors in a desire to earn those rewards. If we observe their behaviors being punished, we may choose to avoid repeating their behaviors so that we do not have to experience the punishment. In this case, it is the observation of the outcome that is the determinant of our likelihood to repeat the behaviors.
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Which of the following is likely to increase the risk of substance abuse?
a. parental expectations for abstaining from alcohol b. parental overinvolvement c. inconsistent parenting and poor monitoring d. knowledge about the risks of substance abuse
You are a juror in a robbery case. You are listening to the testimony of two eyewitnesses, one was robbed at gun-point on the street at night and one who observed the robbery from a distance. Describe eight factors that could affect the accuracy of these eyewitness perceptions
What will be an ideal response?
Divergent thinking is most associated with
a. logic and reasoning. b. creativity. c. performance intelligence. d. verbal intelligence.
Identify an example of scientific observation
asking employers about their employee's assertive behavior asking teachers to rate children's activity levels in the classroom watching mother–child interactions at home bringing people to a laboratory to measure memory ability