Describe how the expectations of parents and teachers are linked with the academic achievement of children and adolescents.
What will be an ideal response?
A longitudinal study found children whose mothers had higher academic expectations for them in the first grade were more likely to reach a higher level of educational attainment in emerging adulthood, at age 23, than children whose mothers had lower expectations for them in the first grade. Teachers also influence students' motivation and performance. Teachers with high expectations spent more time providing a framework for students' learning, asked higher-level questions, and were more effective in managing students' behavior than teachers who had average or low expectations of their students. Effective, engaging teachers provide support for adolescents to make good progress. They also encourage adolescents to become self-regulated achievers.
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All of the following are considered part of the medical model of explaining psychopathology except ____
a. ?cognitive distortions b. ?having an imbalance of humors in the body c. ?neurobiological factors d. ?genetic influences
The results of the Leventhal and Brooks-Gunn study indicate that the benefits of moving from a low- to high-poverty neighborhood were especially great for girls eleven to eighteen years of age
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
What does the phrase "regression to the mean" have to do with punishment?
(a) generally speaking, people have good days and bad days; if someone has a "bad day," we may accept the illusion that the punishment caused this "regression to the mean." (b) generally, people who are going to screw up are going to keep screwing up, and just retribution is only fair. (c) punishment is a form of regressing to a meaner and crueler kind of behavior (d) sometimes we punish someone for a poor performance and they do a better job next time, not because of the punishment but because they just returned to a level of performance closer to their mean, or average, performance.
Based on measures of sociometric popularity, a child who receives very few nominations of any kind would be classified as
A. rejected. B. neglected. C. popular. D. None of these