Which of the following is the correct order of the three lines of defense against pathogens?
a. barriers that exclude pathogens ? adaptive immunity ? innate immunity
b. barriers that exclude pathogens ? innate immunity ? adaptive immunity
c. innate immunity ? adaptive immunity ? barriers that exclude pathogens
d. adaptive immunity ? barriers that exclude pathogens ? innate immunity
e. adaptive immunity ? innate immunity ? barriers that exclude pathogens
ANSWER: b
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Using the NeoR/Tk system of introducing gene replacements into mice (as described in the text), which of the following would identify those mouse cells that were the result of homologous recombination?
A. NeoR only B. Tk only C. NeoR and Tk D. Neither NeoR or Tk
A genetic signature for positive selection is
A) a gene sequence present in humans and other primates, but with at least one amino acid difference in the encoded protein in humans. B) a gene that is unique to humans. C) a gene sequence present in humans and other primates, but with no amino acid sequence differences. D) a gene that encodes a protein that makes the individual more sexually attractive.
Which of the following choices is a proximate cause of the non-combative behavior of male African
cichlids that do not hold territories?
a. Cichlids can detect and store information about aggressive encounters. b. The GnRH-producing neurons in the hypothalamus are small. c. The testes produce no testosterone. d. GnRH production is high. e. Noncombative behavior allows the male to build his strength for a takeover attempt on a territory.
In the figure above, the honeycomb on which
the bee is standing is made up primarily of which of the following:a. carbohydrates b. nucleotides c. proteins d. lipids e. amino acids