You are interested in reports of efforts to increase sales of popcorn and soft drinks in movie theaters by inserting subliminal messages in the film. What will you conclude after you review the available evidence?
a) Sales of popcorn increased but not sales of soft drinks.
b) The effect works only when the movies are high action thrillers.
c) No convincing evidence of a subliminal effect on sales has been presented.
d) The effect is powerful and consequently has been ruled illegal by the courts.
ANS: c
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Which of the following factors complicates the process of determining the causes of personality disorders?
A. The high likelihood that an individual with one personality disorder will also have another B. The availability of only prospective data C. The wealth of biological data available D. The inability to gather information from the patients themselves, due to the prevalence of memory disorders among those with personality disorders
Erikson and Freud agreed that the main task of middle childhood is to
a. acquire cognitive and social skills. b. develop a relationship of trust with a caregiver. c. resolve conflict over sexuality. d. develop a sense of autonomy instead of shame and doubt.
Baumbusch's survey of life-long single women between the ages of 65 and 77 found
a. the only contented women were also lesbians. b. they were satisfied with their decision. c. many of them had cohabited for significant lengths of time. d. the majority were very lonely and sorry they had not had families.
Which field of study is NOT a hub science as identified by Kevin Boyack and his colleagues (2005) in their article "Mapping the Backbone of Science"?
A) chemistry B) economics C) medicine D) social science