A researcher tests a new intervention for nausea associated with chemotherapy, in hospitalized patients
At the same time a new over-the-counter medication containing natural herbs is marketed aggressively, and some of the hospital patients are given this herbal remedy by their families. This is a threat to which type of validity?
a. Statistical conclusion validity
b. Internal validity
c. Construct validity
d. External validity
ANS: B
Construct validity examines the fit between the conceptual definitions and operational definitions of variables: are the study ideas measured in a way that makes sense? Statistical conclusion validity is concerned with whether the conclusions about relationships or differences drawn from statistical analysis are an accurate reflection of the real world: did the researcher use the right statistical tests in the proper way? Internal validity is the extent to which the effects detected in the study are a true reflection of reality rather than the result of extraneous variables: did the change in one variable really account for the change in the other variable? External validity is concerned with the extent to which study findings can be generalized beyond the sample used in the study.
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The nurse is providing education to the parents of a pediatric client who is diagnosed with tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp). Which statement made the parents indicates an appropriate understanding of the teaching session?
1. "We will give the griseofulvin on an empty stomach." 2. "We're glad ringworm isn't transmitted from person to person." 3. "Once the lesion is gone, we can stop the griseofulvin." 4. "We will give the griseofulvin with milk or peanut butter."
The nurse is assigned to care for a client with cytomegalovirus retinitis and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) who is receiving foscarnet (Foscavir)
The nurse reviews the physician's prescriptions, expecting to note a prescription for which of the following laboratory tests while this client is taking the medication? 1. CD4+ cell count 2. Serum albumin level 3. Serum creatinine level 4. Lymphocyte count
What client response would indicate to the nurse that instruction about a throat culture has not been effective?
1. "I need to hyperextend my neck." 2. "I need to say 'ah.'" 3. "I will need to sit up." 4. "The nurse will use a light."