How was the power of the pope limited by the rulers in the seventeenth century?
A) Protestant rulers controlled their respective churches, while Catholic rulers held similar powers to limit papal authority. For example, the pope could not pass a decree without royal approval.
B) The partnership of Church and state was dissolved by international law, therefore, the papacy held far less power.
C) The pope was stripped of any governmental authority by the Catholic rulers to avoid conflict with neighboring Protestants and the avoidance of another Thirty Years' War.
D) Since most of the territories of Europe were now Protestant, papal authority was extremely limited.
E) International law dictated the limited power any church official would have over the governing bodies in Europe, whether Catholic or Protestant.
A
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