The clustered hierarchy is a relatively rare type of an association of criminal groups that share a single governing arrangement
a. True
b. False
Answer: a
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Goffman's dramaturgic perspective offers one approach to the specific strategies which white collar offenders use to anticipate, deflect or manage stigma
Indicate whether the statement is true or false
Which of the following is NOT cited as a disadvantage of probation and parole?
a. Probation and parole programs are underused, enabling practitioners to adequately supervise offenders on their caseloads. b. Probation and parole inflict relatively less severe or no punishment upon the offender. c. Probation and parole result in increased social costs. d. Probation and parole expose the community to greater risk than does incarceration.
Severity of punishment is enhanced with more aggravating factors
a. True b. False
The percentage of crimes that police believe they have solved through an arrest is called:
A. incident-driven policing. B. clearance rate. C. differential response. D. line functions. E. preventive patrol.