Answer the following statement(s) true (T) or false (F)

1. A commonly accepted term to replace “berdache” when referring to multiple gender individuals in American Indian societies is “quadruple-spirit.”
2. Serena Nanda notes that early European explorers labeled gender variant people in American Indian societies as “berdache” and “transvestites.”
3. Anthropologists studying native tribes explained gender variance as functional for the society because they provided a social niche for male individuals whose personality and sexual orientation did not match Western culture’s definition of masculinity.
4. One reason for the success of female gender variants as hunters or warriors is that they opted out of mother so they were not encumbered by caring for children.
5. Sexuality was central in defining gender status among Native Americans.


1. False
2. True
3. True
4. True
5. False

History

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