In the questions that follow, you will be asked to identify the blanks on the below diagram using the word bank: NADPH, NADP, ATP, ADP + P, carbon dioxide, oxygen, carbohydrate, water. Briefly explain the significance of each item.
F is ________.
What will be an ideal response?
F is NADPH. The coenzyme, NADPH, is reduced in the light reactions by electrons coming from the electron acceptors in PSI. NADPH will be used to reduce carbon dioxide to carbohydrate in the Calvin cycle.
Incorrect answers: Water: Water is split in the light reactions to continually provide electrons for chlorophyll. Hydrogen ions from water contribute to the chemiosmotic formation of ATP and oxygen is released into the atmosphere or used by mitochondria for aerobic respiration. Oxygen: The splitting of water during the light reactions releases oxygen into the atmosphere. It may be used by mitochondria for aerobic respiration. Carbon dioxide: Carbon dioxide is fixed to RuBP by RuBP carboxylase. It is then reduced to form carbohydrates. Carbohydrate: Carbohydrates are formed by reduction of carbon dioxide with the input of ATP and NADPH. NADP: NADP is the oxidized form of NADPH. It is recycled back to the light reactions where it will gain electrons and hydrogens, once again reduced and able to be used in the Calvin cycle. ATP: ATP is produced during the light reactions and is hydrolyzed to ADP + P during the Calvin cycle where carbohydrates are produced and RuBP is regenerated. ADP + P: ADP + P is formed as energy is released during the hydrolysis of ATP in the Calvin cycle. It is used in the reduction of carbon dioxide and the regeneration of RuBP.
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