Kinases are enzymes that can phosphorylate (transfer phosphate groups onto) macromolecules such as proteins. A particular kinase, Kinase 1 is known to promote cell division. It promotes cell division by phosphorylating Protein X. Phosphorylation of Protein X activates Protein X. Once activated, Protein X stimulates the production of other proteins such as Protein Y and Z that directly promote cell division.  In order to function, Kinase 1 requires the presence of Metal A. However, in the presence of Protein A, Kinase 1 is nonfunctional.  From the description, what is considered the substrate of Kinase 1?  

A.  Protein X
B.  Protein Y
C.  Protein Z
D.  Metal A
E.  Protein A


A.  Protein X

Since kinases function to phosphorylate macromolecules, and Kinase 1 phosphorylates Protein X, Protein X is considered a substrate of Kinase 1.

Biology & Microbiology

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Biology & Microbiology

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Biology & Microbiology