A farmer's long-term exposure to pesticides has made the cells in his alveoli and bronchial tree susceptible to malignancy. Which of the following processes has taken place in the farmer's lungs?
A) Promotion
B) Progression
C) Initiation
D) Differentiation
Ans: C
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Initiation involves the exposure of cells to appropriate doses of a carcinogenic agent that makes them susceptible to malignant transformation, whereas promotion involves the induction of unregulated accelerated growth in already initiated cells. Progression is the later process whereby tumor cells acquire malignant phenotypic changes, and differentiation is the process of specialization whereby new cells acquire the structural, microscopic, and functional characteristics of the cells they replace.
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