Decribe the development of spatial reasoning during the concrete operational stage.
What will be an ideal response?
Piaget found that school-age children's spatial reasoning is more accurate than that of preschoolers. This can be seen in children's cognitive maps-their mental representations of spaces such as a classroom, school, or neighborhood. Drawing or reading a map of a large-scale space requires considerable perspective-taking skill. Because the entire space cannot be seen at once, children must infer its overall layout by relating its separate parts. With respect to large-scale outdoor environments, not until age 9 can many children accurately place stickers on a map to indicate landmarks. Around this age, the maps children draw of large-scale spaces become better organized, showing landmarks along an organized route of travel. At the end of middle childhood, most children can form an accurate overall view of a large-scale space. Ten- to 12-year-olds also grasp the notion of scale-the proportional relation between a space and its representation on a map.
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