James Rachels argues that psychological egoism is false because __________
a. in all cases, persons do whatever it is that they most want to do
b. we sometimes do actions because we want to help others
c. unselfish actions are motivated solely by a desire to feel good
d. generosity is a value that transcends culture
b
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Consider the reasoning expressed by the speaker in this passage: "We were having a severe midwinter cold spell. The city was running out of heating oil for private home use. So the city ordered everyone to set their home thermostats down to 65 degrees Fahrenheit during the day and 62 at night. But I set my thermostat at 67 during the day and 64 at night. I reasoned this way. It is in my best interest to cheat just a little by keeping our house a bit warmer. In fact, it is in the best interest of each person who lives in the city to do the same thing. So it follows that it is in the city's best interest if everyone were to cheat just a little." We can reasonably evaluate the speaker's inference as __________.
a) valid because of affirming the antecedent b) valid because of disjunctive syllogism c) a fallacy of false classification d) a fallacy of false reference e) a fallacy of composition
The two main roots of utilitarianism are
a. sympathy and impartiality. b. individualism and partiality. c. sympathy and collectivity. d. egotism and sympathy.
"Do to others what you would want them to do to you,"
What will be an ideal response?
In his Inferno, Dante illustrates his belief that hypocrisy is a great
burden on those who exemplify it.
Indicate whether the statement is true or false.