The longitudinal study by the 4-H Club (Bowers et al., 2014) of students who progressed from the 5th grade to the 12th grade found that a key predictor that an adolescent would later make a contribution to community or society is having
a. a high socioeconomic status.
b. hopeful expectations for the future.
c. a large and supportive peer group.
d. a high grade-point average.
Answer: b. hopeful expectations for the future.
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Logan has a dream in which he is taken captive by a band of talking cats who force him to solve complex algebra problems for them. According to Rosalind Cartwright's theory of dreaming, the images in Logan's dream represent
a. an interpretation of random neuron activity in lower brain centers. b. the manifest content of the dream. c. an attempt to work through problems he is currently experiencing in his life. d. the latent content of the dream.
In Bandura's theory of observational learning, steps taken during observation to improve later recall of a model's behavior are called ________
a. mnemonic processes b. cognitive processes c. retentional processes d. memorial processes
In the Brown-Peterson test, subjects read a trigram (an unpronounceable series of three letters), and are then asked to count backwards by threes from a given number. What is the purpose of having the subjects count backward?
A) To test if the subject can multitask. B) To test if they can remember how to subtract. C) To interfere with the subject's ability to rehearse the trigram. D) To determine if numerical and phonetic memories are stored in different areas of the brain.
Hobson and Pace-Schott suggest that the plots and images of a dream are
a. an attempt to resolve unconscious conflicts and desires. b. the products of activation of recent memories that the brain ties together somehow to make a plausible story. c. unrelated to the physiological functions of REM sleep. d. affected by the memories and experiences of our ancestors. e. functions of REM deprivation.