Johnny has always feared going to the dentist as he associated these visits with pain. After repeated visits to the dentist, Johnny also developed the fear of bright lights as he had started associating it with the dentist's cabin. In the given scenario, the development of Johnny's fear of bright lights is due to _____
A) counterconditioning
B) higher-order conditioning
C) selective attention
D) general adaptation
B
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Children with a referential style of learning language use language mainly as a(n) __________ tool whereas children with an expressive style of learning language use language primarily as a(n) __________ tool
a. adult-directed; child-directed c. intellectual; social b. child-directed; adult-directed d. social; intellectual
Lauren told her husband about her recent trip to their neighborhood's new hardware store. In this description, she recalled seeing the store's tools section even though she never actually visited this section of the store. Lauren's memory of the tools is best explained as
A. the result of the tip-of-the-tongue (TOT) phenomenon. B. a result of her schema about hardware stores. C. the result of a highly superior autobiographical memory. D. a failure of priming.
The view that language development is produced through a combination of genetically determined predispositions and environmental circumstances that help to teach language is known as the ________ approach.
A. prescriptive B. learning-theory C. nativist D. interactionist
Which theory views children as thinkers who can predict, explain, and understand themselves and others?
Erikson's psychosocial theory Psychoanalytic theory Theory of mind Bandura's social cognitive theory