Referring to feature in this chapter, “The Written Record: The Inquisition of Joan of Arc,” what type of defense and attack was being given in her trial that related directly to her spiritual claims?
What will be an ideal response?
Ans: Essays should include the following: The English questioned whether her messages came from the Devil or God and claimed her actions were deceitful inventions, which the Gospels had warned of. They also claimed that her words alone were the only proof she was offering in an attempt to claim her connection to heaven. Joan claimed that dressing like a man was God’s command and that she received these messages from God’s personal messengers, St Catherine and St Margaret and that they spoke in French and not English. The English countered that her actions were her own personal actions and that she never turned to other civil or religious authorities for direction.
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