How and why were whites able to defeat the Plains Indians?
What will be an ideal response?
Students should point to a variety of factors. The Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851 defined specific boundaries for each Indian group, enabling whites to pressure one group without appearing to threaten the others. By confining Indians to specific areas, whites could concentrate the friendly population in defined areas and open fire on anyone outside those areas?the classic strategy for defeating a guerrilla movement. The most important factor?and the one students should recognize?is the whites' ability to wage a war of attrition. By destroying tipis, food, and ponies, General Sheridan forced Indians into surrender to avoid starvation. The destruction of the buffalo herds prevented Indians from leaving their reservations and resuming nomadic patterns.
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