Hypofrontality, or an underactivity of the frontal lobes of the brain, appears in people with schizophrenia when they are engaged in demanding mental tasks
It is difficult to know if this condition is a contributor to or a consequence of this disorder. Which critical thinking concept does this remind us to bear in mind when looking at research data?
A) Replicability
B) Extraordinary claims
Incorrect. The fact that there may be neurological contributors or consequences of a mental disorder is not an extraordinary claim. On the contrary, it is quite logical.
C) Correlation versus causation
D) Falsifiability
Answer: C
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The book discusses an experiment by Merrell that examined the effects of Anthrax, Mozart, and no music on the amount of time it took a mouse to run a maze. To determine if there is an overall difference between the three groups, Merrell ran an ANOVA. To determine which means differed for each other, he ran a
a. regression. b. repeated-measures t-test. c. Bonferroni test. d. chi-square.
In an experiment that combined both physiological and behavioral approaches to the study of decision making, PFC activity was recorded while participants accepted or rejected proposals to split a sum of money ($10). PFC activation was
a. greatest for accepted offers. b. greatest for rejected offers. c. the same for accepted and rejected offers. d. dependent on how much money the responder was offered.
Child-directed speech is also referred to as
a. infantese. b. motherese. c. baby talk. d. protolanguage. e. adult babble.
One hypothesized cause of age-related DNA and cellular abnormalities is the
A) lengthening of telomeres. B) production of androgens. C) release of free radicals. D) increase of synaptic connections.